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eng.air-standard-Otto-cycle Calculator
Calculates the theoretical thermal efficiency, heat added, and specific work of an air-standard Otto cycle from compression ratio and heat input. Otto cycle efficiency η = 1 − 1/r^(γ−1) increases with compression ratio — practical gasoline engines are limited to r = 10–12 by knock.
Inputs
R Compression
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
T1 K
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
P1 Kpa
Force per unit area (Pa). Atmospheric pressure at sea level: 101,325 Pa. Check whether gauge or absolute pressure is required.
T3 K
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
Results
Otto cycle efficiency η
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
T₂ after compression (K)
The computed compression ratio or compressive force. Higher compression ratios store more energy but increase heat and pressure.
T₄ after expansion (K)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
P₂ after compression (kPa)
The computed compression ratio or compressive force. Higher compression ratios store more energy but increase heat and pressure.
η = 1 - 1/r^(γ-1)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
modern engine compression ratios
The computed compression ratio or compressive force. Higher compression ratios store more energy but increase heat and pressure.