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eng.battery-energy-density Calculator
Calculates battery energy density in Wh/kg and Wh/L from capacity, voltage, and cell mass/volume. Lithium-ion batteries have energy density of 150–250 Wh/kg — compared to lead-acid (30–50 Wh/kg) — making them 4–8× lighter for the same energy storage.
Inputs
Cell Capacity Ah
Maximum throughput or storage. Operating near 100% capacity typically increases failures and wait times.
Cell Voltage V
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
Cell Mass Kg
Total mass (kg). Distinct from weight — weight = mass × gravity. Mass is constant; weight varies with location.
Pack Efficiency Pct
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. 100% is impossible due to losses (heat, friction, resistance).
Cell Count
Count of items or occurrences.
Results
pack energy (kWh)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
cell energy (Wh)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
total pack mass (kg)
The combined total across all inputs and components.
EV range estimate (km)
The difference between the maximum and minimum values.