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eng.fluid-flow Calculator
Calculates flow velocity, flow rate, and continuity equation parameters for pipe and open channel flow. The continuity equation (A₁V₁ = A₂V₂) for incompressible flow means narrowing the pipe increases velocity proportionally.
Inputs
V
Speed in a specified direction (m/s). Required for momentum, kinetic energy, and wave calculations.
D
Internal diameter of the pipe. Larger diameter reduces velocity and pressure drop but increases material cost.
Nu
Fluid resistance to flow. Water at 20°C: ~1 cP. Honey: 2,000–10,000 cP. Higher viscosity increases pumping power requirements.
Rho
Mass per unit volume (kg/m³). Water: 1,000. Air: 1.225. Steel: 7,850. Affects buoyancy, flow, and structural loads.
Whether the flow is laminar (smooth, ordered) or turbulent (chaotic). Determined by the Reynolds number: below 2,300 = laminar; above 4,000 = turbulent.
volumetric flow rate (L/s)
The computed three-dimensional volume.
pipe cross-section (cm²)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
friction pressure drop/m (Pa/m)
Pressure lost to friction as fluid moves through the pipe or system. Higher drop = more pumping power required. Reduce by using larger pipes, fewer bends, or lower flow velocity.