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eng.fuselage-hoop-stress Calculator
Calculates hoop (circumferential) and longitudinal stress in a thin-walled cylinder from internal pressure and wall geometry. Hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress in a cylindrical vessel — this is why cylindrical pressure vessels burst along longitudinal seams rather than circumferential ones.
Inputs
P Internal Kpa
Force per unit area (Pa). Atmospheric pressure at sea level: 101,325 Pa. Check whether gauge or absolute pressure is required.
R M
Distance from centre to edge of a circle. Radius = diameter / 2.
T Mm
Perpendicular measurement through the material. For insulation: thicker is better. For beams: directly affects bending resistance.
Sigma Yield Mpa
Stress at which permanent deformation begins. Design loads should stay below this — apply a safety factor of 1.5–3×.
Results
hoop stress σ_θ (MPa)
Internal force per unit area (Pa or MPa). Must stay below yield strength in service. Beyond yield: permanent deformation. Beyond tensile strength: fracture.
longitudinal stress σ_l (MPa)
Internal force per unit area (Pa or MPa). Must stay below yield strength in service. Beyond yield: permanent deformation. Beyond tensile strength: fracture.
margin of safety
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
σ_θ = P·R/t (thin-walled pressure vessel)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
safe?
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.