// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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eng.load-flow-Newton-Raphson Calculator
Calculates AC power flow using the Newton-Raphson method to determine bus voltages, power flows, and losses in a power network. Newton-Raphson load flow converges quadratically — typically 3–5 iterations to convergence for a well-conditioned network.
Inputs
P Mw
Rate of energy transfer (W). P = V×I (electrical). P = F×v (mechanical). 1 horsepower ≈ 746 W.
Q Mvar
Rate of energy transfer (W). P = V×I (electrical). P = F×v (mechanical). 1 horsepower ≈ 746 W.
V Pu
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
Delta Deg
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
Results
apparent power S (MVA)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
power factor PF
A dimensionless multiplier applied in the calculation.
current magnitude (pu)
Electric charge flow rate (A). Governs wire sizing — too much current causes dangerous heating. Fuses protect circuits from overcurrent.
estimated voltage drop (pu)
Electric potential difference between the two terminals (V). In AC systems, quoted as RMS — 230 V mains has a peak of ~325 V.
Newton-Raphson steps
Earnings per share — net income divided by shares outstanding. Rising EPS is positive if driven by real earnings growth, not just share buybacks reducing the denominator.