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eng.open-channel-critical-depth Calculator
Calculates critical depth in an open channel where the Froude number equals 1 and specific energy is minimum. At critical depth, flow is most efficient — downstream of critical depth, flow is subcritical (tranquil); upstream, it can be supercritical (rapid).
Inputs
Flow Rate M3 S
Volume of fluid per unit time. Used to size pipes, pumps, and ducts.
Channel Width M
Horizontal extent perpendicular to the length.
Channel Slope
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Mannings N
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Results
critical depth yc (m)
The computed depth.
critical velocity Vc (m/s)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
normal depth yn (m, approx)
The computed depth.
Froude number at critical flow
The value at the specified point or condition.
yc = (q²/g)^(1/3)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
flow regime
Whether the flow is laminar (smooth, ordered) or turbulent (chaotic). Determined by the Reynolds number: below 2,300 = laminar; above 4,000 = turbulent.