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eng.transformer-efficiency-losses Calculator
Calculates transformer core losses, copper losses, and total efficiency at varying load from no-load and load test data. Core losses (iron losses) are constant regardless of load — copper losses are proportional to current squared. Total efficiency peaks at approximately 75% full load.
Inputs
Load Kw
Rate of energy transfer (W). P = V×I (electrical). P = F×v (mechanical). 1 horsepower ≈ 746 W.
Iron Loss W
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Copper Loss Rated W
Applied force or weight (N or kN). Divide into dead load (permanent) and live load (variable — people, wind, etc.).
Load Fraction
Applied force or weight (N or kN). Divide into dead load (permanent) and live load (variable — people, wind, etc.).
Results
efficiency η at load x
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
copper losses at x (W)
The decrease or degradation from the baseline.
total losses (W)
The combined total across all inputs and components.
x for max efficiency
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
η = xPL/(xPL + Pi + x²Pc)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.