// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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sci.atmospheric-refraction Calculator
Calculates atmospheric refraction of light from celestial objects near the horizon, which bends light toward the observer. Refraction at the horizon is approximately 0.57° — stars appear 0.57° higher than their true position at the horizon, causing the Sun to remain visible for ~2 minutes after geometric sunset.
Inputs
Elevation Angle Deg
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Temperature C
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
Pressure Hpa
Force per unit area (Pa). Atmospheric pressure at sea level: 101,325 Pa. Check whether gauge or absolute pressure is required.
Results
atmospheric refraction R (arcmin)
pH of the solution. Below 7: acidic. 7: neutral. Above 7: basic (alkaline).
refraction (degrees)
The magnitude or severity on the applicable scale.
apparent elevation (degrees)
The magnitude or severity on the applicable scale.