// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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│ computation suite │
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sci.capacitor-charge-discharge Calculator
Calculates capacitor charge Q = CV, stored energy E = ½CV², and voltage during charge/discharge: V(t) = V_s(1−e^(−t/RC)) or V_s × e^(−t/RC). A 100 µF capacitor charged to 100 V stores 0.5 J — camera flash capacitors (1,000 µF, 300 V) store 45 J released in milliseconds.
Inputs
C Uf
Ability to store electric charge (F). Capacitors charge quickly and release energy fast. Common values: pF to μF.
R Ohm
Opposition to current flow (Ω). V = IR. Resistors in series add; in parallel their reciprocals add.
V0 V
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
T Ms
Duration of the process. Make sure units match the rate inputs (seconds, minutes, or hours).
Results
voltage Vc(t) charging (V)
Electric potential difference between the two terminals (V). In AC systems, quoted as RMS — 230 V mains has a peak of ~325 V.
voltage Vc(t) discharging (V)
Electric potential difference between the two terminals (V). In AC systems, quoted as RMS — 230 V mains has a peak of ~325 V.
time constant τ = RC (ms)
Time for the capacitor (or inductor) to reach 63.2% of its final value. τ = RC. After 5 time constants (~99.3%), the circuit is effectively at steady state.
charge Q at t (μC)
The value at the specified point or condition.
energy stored at V₀ (μJ)
The value at the specified point or condition.
Vc = V₀(1-e^(-t/τ))
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.