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sci.composite-rule-of-mixtures2 Calculator
Calculates composite longitudinal and transverse moduli using the rule of mixtures: E_L = V_f E_f + V_m E_m (Voigt) and 1/E_T = V_f/E_f + V_m/E_m (Reuss). Voigt (iso-strain) gives the upper bound; Reuss (iso-stress) gives the lower bound — Halpin-Tsai is intermediate between them.
Inputs
Ef Gpa
Material stiffness (GPa). Stress divided by strain in the elastic range. Steel: 200 GPa. Aluminium: 70 GPa. Rubber: 0.01–0.1 GPa.
Em Gpa
Material stiffness (GPa). Stress divided by strain in the elastic range. Steel: 200 GPa. Aluminium: 70 GPa. Rubber: 0.01–0.1 GPa.
Vf Pct
Three-dimensional space occupied (m³ or L). 1 m³ = 1,000 L.
Sigma F Mpa
Maximum stress before fracture. Structural steel: 400–700 MPa. Aluminium alloys: 200–500 MPa.
Sigma M Mpa
Maximum stress before fracture. Structural steel: 400–700 MPa. Aluminium alloys: 200–500 MPa.
Results
longitudinal modulus E₁₁ (GPa)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
transverse modulus E₂₂ (GPa)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
longitudinal strength σ_uc (MPa)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
modulus ratio E₁₁/E₂₂
The proportional relationship between two quantities.
E₁₁ = Ef·Vf + Em·Vm (Voigt)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
E₂₂ = (Ef·Em)/(Ef·Vm+Em·Vf) (Reuss)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.