// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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│ computation suite │
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sci.EM-wave-impedance-free-space Calculator
Calculates the wave impedance η = √(μ/ε) of a dielectric medium and the resulting phase velocity v_p = 1/√(με). Free-space impedance η₀ = 377 Ω — glass (n = 1.5) has η = 251 Ω; mismatched impedances at interfaces cause reflections proportional to (η₂−η₁)/(η₂+η₁).
Inputs
Epsilon R
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Mu R
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Sigma Sm
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Freq Hz
Cycles per second (Hz). Audible sound: 20 Hz – 20 kHz. Make sure units match what the formula expects.
Results
wave impedance η (Ω)
Total opposition to AC current (Ω), combining resistance and reactance. Z = √(R² + X²). Maximum power transfer occurs when source and load impedances match.
phase velocity vp (×10⁶ m/s)
The current phase of the cycle or process.
wavelength λ in medium (mm)
The computed linear length.
loss tangent tan δ
The decrease or degradation from the baseline.
η = η₀·√(μr/εr) | η₀ = 377Ω (free space)
Available capacity not yet allocated or consumed.
material class
The classification assigned based on the computed value.