// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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sci.freeze-drying-sublimation Calculator
Calculates sublimation rate and drying time for freeze-drying from product temperature, ice vapour pressure, and heat transfer rate. Primary drying (ice sublimation) at −20 to −40 °C product temperature takes 20–60 hours — secondary drying (bound water desorption) at +20 to +40 °C removes the remaining 5–10% moisture.
Inputs
Water Mass Kg
Total mass (kg). Distinct from weight — weight = mass × gravity. Mass is constant; weight varies with location.
T Shelf C
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
P Chamber Pa
Force per unit area (Pa). Atmospheric pressure at sea level: 101,325 Pa. Check whether gauge or absolute pressure is required.
Drying Area M2
Two-dimensional surface extent (m²). For complex shapes, break into simpler sub-shapes and sum.
Results
ice vapour pressure at Ts (Pa)
The value at the specified point or condition.
pressure driving force (Pa)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
approximate drying time (hr)
The computed duration or time value.
sublimation
The value at the specified point or condition.
lyophilization energy
pH of the solution. Below 7: acidic. 7: neutral. Above 7: basic (alkaline).
primary drying tip
Gratuity amount — the suggested amount to add to the bill as a service tip.