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sci.Halpin-Tsai-transverse-modulus Calculator
Calculates transverse elastic modulus of a fibre-reinforced composite using the Halpin-Tsai semi-empirical equation. Transverse modulus is dominated by the matrix because stress is perpendicular to fibres — even with 60 vol% glass fibre, transverse E is only ~3× the matrix modulus.
Inputs
Ef Gpa
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Em Gpa
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Vf Pct
Three-dimensional space occupied (m³ or L). 1 m³ = 1,000 L.
Xi Factor
A multiplier applied in the calculation.
Results
Halpin-Tsai E_T (GPa)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
η coefficient
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
longitudinal modulus E_L (GPa)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
E_T/E_L stiffness ratio
The proportional relationship between two quantities.
E_T = Em·(1+ξηVf)/(1−ηVf) | η = (Ef/Em−1)/(Ef/Em+ξ)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.