// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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sci.heat-engine Calculator
Calculates heat engine thermal efficiency, work output, and waste heat from hot and cold reservoir temperatures using the Carnot limit. Carnot efficiency η = 1 − T_cold/T_hot (temperatures in Kelvin) — a steam turbine between 600 K and 300 K has a maximum 50% efficiency.
Inputs
Temp Hot
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Temp Cold
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Power Kw
Rate of energy transfer (W). P = V×I (electrical). P = F×v (mechanical). 1 horsepower ≈ 746 W.
Heat Input Kw
Amount per unit of time or per unit quantity. Check the denominator before interpreting.
Results
Carnot efficiency
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
actual efficiency
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
% of Carnot
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
power output (kW)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
waste heat (kW)
The value at the specified point or condition.
max possible work
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.