// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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sci.osmotic-pressure-vant-Hoff Calculator
Calculates osmotic pressure using the van't Hoff equation: π = iMRT, where i is the van't Hoff factor, M is molarity, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. Seawater osmotic pressure ≈ 27 bar — reverse osmosis membranes must exceed this pressure (typically 55–80 bar) to desalinate seawater.
Inputs
C Mol L
Amount of solute per unit volume. Higher concentration = more solute dissolved.
T K
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
I Factor
A multiplier applied in the calculation.
Results
osmotic pressure π (bar)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
π (mmHg)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
π (kPa)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
π = iCRT
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
human blood osmolarity
Concentration in moles per litre (mol/L or M). Molarity = moles of solute / litres of solution. To dilute: C1V1 = C2V2.
reverse osmosis
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.