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sci.Otto-cycle-thermal-efficiency Calculator
Calculates ideal Otto cycle thermal efficiency η = 1 − 1/r^(γ−1) from compression ratio and specific heat ratio. At r = 10 (typical gasoline engine), η = 60.2% theoretically — real engines achieve 25–35% due to heat losses, friction, and non-ideal combustion.
Inputs
R Compression
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Gamma
Energy to raise 1 kg of material by 1°C (J/kg·K). Water: 4,186 J/kg·K. Metals are typically 100–900 J/kg·K.
T1 K
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
P1 Kpa
Force per unit area (Pa). Atmospheric pressure at sea level: 101,325 Pa. Check whether gauge or absolute pressure is required.
Results
Otto cycle thermal efficiency η
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
end-of-compression temperature T2 (K)
The computed compression ratio or compressive force. Higher compression ratios store more energy but increase heat and pressure.
end-of-compression pressure P2 (kPa)
The computed compression ratio or compressive force. Higher compression ratios store more energy but increase heat and pressure.
η_Otto = 1 − 1/r^(γ−1)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.