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sci.pipe-surge-water-hammer-Joukowsky Calculator
Calculates water hammer pressure surge ΔP = ρ×c×ΔV from sudden valve closure, where wave speed c = √(K/ρ(1+KD/eE)). Sudden valve closure generates pressure waves at ≈ 1,200 m/s in water pipes — a 2 m/s flow velocity stopped in < L/c seconds generates ΔP = 2.4 MPa surge.
Inputs
V0 Ms
Speed in a specified direction (m/s). Required for momentum, kinetic energy, and wave calculations.
A Ms
Rate of movement. 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h = 2.237 mph.
Rho Kgm3
Mass per unit volume (kg/m³). Water: 1,000. Air: 1.225. Steel: 7,850. Affects buoyancy, flow, and structural loads.
T Close S
Duration of the process. Make sure units match the rate inputs (seconds, minutes, or hours).
L Pipe M
Linear measurement. Ensure consistent units: 1 m = 1,000 mm = 3.281 ft.
Results
Joukowsky pressure surge ΔP (kPa)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
actual pressure surge ΔP (kPa)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
critical closure time tc_crit (s)
The computed duration or time value.
closure type
The classification or type assigned based on the inputs.
ΔP = ρaV0 (Joukowsky 1898)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.