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sci.relativistic-momentum-energy Calculator
Calculates relativistic momentum p = γmv and total energy E = √(p²c² + m²c⁴) from particle velocity. Energy-momentum relation: E² = (pc)² + (mc²)² — for massless photons, E = pc = hf.
Inputs
M Kg
Total mass (kg). Distinct from weight — weight = mass × gravity. Mass is constant; weight varies with location.
V Fraction C
Speed in a specified direction (m/s). Required for momentum, kinetic energy, and wave calculations.
Results
relativistic momentum p (kg·m/s)
Product of mass and velocity (kg·m/s). Conserved in all collisions — total momentum before equals total after. More mass or more speed makes stopping harder.
total energy E (J)
The combined total across all inputs and components.
rest energy E0 = mc² (J)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
kinetic energy KE = (γ−1)mc² (J)
Energy of motion: KE = ½mv². Scales with the SQUARE of velocity — doubling speed quadruples kinetic energy. This is why crash severity grows so rapidly with speed.
p = γmv | E = γmc² | E² = (pc)² + (mc²)²
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.