// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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sci.RL-inductor-transient Calculator
Calculates transient current response of an RL circuit: i(t) = (V/R)(1 − exp(−t/τ)) where τ = L/R, and energy stored E = ½LI². An RL circuit with L = 100 mH and R = 10 Ω has τ = 10 ms — after 5τ = 50 ms, current reaches 99.3% of steady state.
Inputs
L Mh
Opposition to changing current (H). Inductors store energy in a magnetic field and cause voltage spikes when current is interrupted.
R Ohm
Opposition to current flow (Ω). V = IR. Resistors in series add; in parallel their reciprocals add.
V V
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
T Ms
Duration of the process. Make sure units match the rate inputs (seconds, minutes, or hours).
Results
inductor current iL(t) (A)
Electric charge flow rate (A). Governs wire sizing — too much current causes dangerous heating. Fuses protect circuits from overcurrent.
inductor voltage vL(t) (V)
Electric potential difference between the two terminals (V). In AC systems, quoted as RMS — 230 V mains has a peak of ~325 V.
time constant τ = L/R (ms)
Time for the capacitor (or inductor) to reach 63.2% of its final value. τ = RC. After 5 time constants (~99.3%), the circuit is effectively at steady state.
steady-state current (A)
Electric charge flow rate (A). Governs wire sizing — too much current causes dangerous heating. Fuses protect circuits from overcurrent.
energy stored at steady state (mJ)
The value at the specified point or condition.
iL = (V/R)(1-e^(-t/τ))
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.