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sci.seawater-density-UNESCO Calculator
Calculates seawater density from temperature, salinity, and pressure using the UNESCO EOS-80 polynomial equation of state. At T = 20 °C, S = 35 psu, depth = 0: ρ = 1,024.8 kg/m³ — cold, salty bottom water (T = 2 °C, S = 34.9 psu) reaches ρ = 1,028 kg/m³, driving thermohaline circulation.
Inputs
T C
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
S Ppt
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
P Dbar
Force per unit area (Pa). Atmospheric pressure at sea level: 101,325 Pa. Check whether gauge or absolute pressure is required.
Results
seawater density ρ (kg/m³)
The value at the specified point or condition.
sigma-t (σt = ρ − 1000)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
pure water density (kg/m³)
The value at the specified point or condition.
salinity contribution (kg/m³)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
UNESCO EOS-80 simplified | valid for 0–40°C, 0–42 g/kg, 0–1000 dbar
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
practical notes
Supplementary information explaining an assumption, caveat, or important context for interpreting the result.