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sci.skin-depth-conductor Calculator
Calculates electromagnetic skin depth δ = √(2ρ/ωµ) in a conductor at angular frequency ω. Copper at 50 Hz: δ = 9.4 mm — at 1 MHz: δ = 0.066 mm; at 1 GHz: δ = 2 µm — signals above a few MHz travel only in a thin skin, increasing effective RF resistance.
Inputs
F Hz
Cycles per second (Hz). Audible sound: 20 Hz – 20 kHz. Make sure units match what the formula expects.
Sigma S Per M
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Mu R
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Results
skin depth δ (μm)
The computed depth.
surface resistance Rs (Ω/square)
Opposition to current flow (Ω). Ohm's Law: V = IR. Lower resistance means more current for the same voltage.
δ = 1/√(πfμσ)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.