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sci.solar-cell-fill-factor Calculator
Calculates solar cell fill factor FF = Pmpp/(Voc × Isc) from the IV curve maximum power point. FF is degraded by series resistance (reduces Pmax) and shunt resistance (increases reverse current) — FF < 0.65 indicates significant resistive losses or shunting.
Inputs
Voc V
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
Isc A
Rate of charge flow (A). I = V/R. Above ~100 mA through the body can be lethal. Fuses protect against overcurrent.
Vmpp V
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
Impp A
Rate of charge flow (A). I = V/R. Above ~100 mA through the body can be lethal. Fuses protect against overcurrent.
Area Cm2
Two-dimensional surface extent (m²). For complex shapes, break into simpler sub-shapes and sum.
Results
fill factor FF
A dimensionless multiplier applied in the calculation.
max power Pmpp (W)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
efficiency η (%)
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
FF = Pmpp/(Voc·Isc)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
series resistance effect
Opposition to current flow (Ω). Ohm's Law: V = IR. Lower resistance means more current for the same voltage.