Calculates synchronous generator voltage regulation: VR% = (Vno-load − Vfull-load)/Vfull-load × 100%, and excitation requirements from the phasor diagram. Voltage regulation < 5% requires automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) with 50–100 ms response times — without AVR, generators sag > 15% on load application.
Inputs
Vt V
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
Ia A
Rate of charge flow (A). I = V/R. Above ~100 mA through the body can be lethal. Fuses protect against overcurrent.
Xd Ohm
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Pf
A multiplier applied in the calculation.
Results
excitation voltage Ef (V, phase)
Electric potential difference between the two terminals (V). In AC systems, quoted as RMS — 230 V mains has a peak of ~325 V.
voltage regulation VR (%)
Electric potential difference between the two terminals (V). In AC systems, quoted as RMS — 230 V mains has a peak of ~325 V.