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sci.thermal-expansion-stress Calculator
Calculates thermal stress in a constrained material: σ = EαΔT, where α is the coefficient of thermal expansion. Concrete expands 12 µm/m per °C — a 100 m bridge exposed to 50 °C range would expand 60 mm without expansion joints, generating stresses exceeding concrete tensile strength.
Inputs
Length Mm
Linear measurement. Ensure consistent units: 1 m = 1,000 mm = 3.281 ft.
Temperature Change C
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
Youngs Modulus Gpa
Tensile stiffness: ratio of stress to strain. Steel: 200 GPa. Wood (along grain): 10–15 GPa.
Thermal Expansion 1E6 Per C
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Results
thermal stress (MPa, fully constrained)
Internal force per unit area (Pa or MPa). Must stay below yield strength in service. Beyond yield: permanent deformation. Beyond tensile strength: fracture.
free thermal expansion (mm)
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
σ = EαΔT (constrained)
Fractional deformation: change in length / original length. Elastic strain is fully recoverable; plastic strain is permanent. Plotted vs. stress on a stress-strain curve.
ΔL = αLΔT (free)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
steel CTE
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.