// multi-utility computation suite · offline · instant · precise
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sci.thermal-expansion Calculator
Calculates linear and volumetric thermal expansion from temperature change and expansion coefficient: ΔL = L₀αΔT and ΔV = V₀ × 3αΔT. Steel expansion coefficient α = 12 × 10⁻⁶ /°C — railway tracks require expansion gaps or thermite welding at precise temperatures to avoid buckling.
Inputs
Length M
Linear measurement. Ensure consistent units: 1 m = 1,000 mm = 3.281 ft.
Alpha Per C
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Delta T
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
Results
length change (mm)
The computed linear length.
new length (m)
The computed linear length.
thermal strain
Fractional deformation: change in length / original length. Elastic strain is fully recoverable; plastic strain is permanent. Plotted vs. stress on a stress-strain curve.
thermal stress if constrained (MPa)
Internal force per unit area (Pa or MPa). Must stay below yield strength in service. Beyond yield: permanent deformation. Beyond tensile strength: fracture.
α values
The computed numeric or monetary value.
ΔL = L × α × ΔT
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.