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sci.thermodynamics-heat-capacity Calculator
Calculates heat transfer Q = mcΔT for constant-pressure processes and internal energy change ΔU = mcvΔT for constant-volume processes. Water's specific heat capacity cp = 4,182 J/(kg·K) is the highest of any common material — it buffers coastal climates and makes water the universal heat transfer fluid.
Inputs
M Kg
Total mass (kg). Distinct from weight — weight = mass × gravity. Mass is constant; weight varies with location.
Cp Kj Kg K
Energy to raise 1 kg of material by 1°C (J/kg·K). Water: 4,186 J/kg·K. Metals are typically 100–900 J/kg·K.
Delta T K
Thermal state of the substance. Check whether the formula needs Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
Time S
Duration of the process. Make sure units match the rate inputs (seconds, minutes, or hours).
Results
heat energy Q (kJ)
The value at the specified point or condition.
average power required (W)
The arithmetic mean -- sum divided by count.
Q = m·Cp·ΔT
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.