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sci.transformer-efficiency-regulation Calculator
Calculates transformer efficiency and voltage regulation ε% = (V_no-load − V_full-load)/V_rated × 100 from equivalent circuit parameters. Regulation < 4% at rated load for standard distribution transformers — dry-type transformers typically have higher regulation than oil-immersed types.
Inputs
S Kva
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Load Pct
Applied force or weight (N or kN). Divide into dead load (permanent) and live load (variable — people, wind, etc.).
Pf
A multiplier applied in the calculation.
P Core Kw
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
P Copper Kw
Applied force or weight (N or kN). Divide into dead load (permanent) and live load (variable — people, wind, etc.).
Vr Pct
Electric potential difference (V). Drives current through a circuit. Household: 120 V (US) or 230 V (EU/UK).
Results
efficiency η at this load
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
optimal load for max η
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
maximum efficiency η_max
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.
output power (kW)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
all-day efficiency
Useful output divided by total input, as a percentage. True 100% efficiency is impossible — losses appear as heat. LEDs: 30–50%. Electric motors: 85–97%. Switching supplies: 85–95%.