Calculates transmission line characteristic impedance Z₀ = √(L'/C') for coaxial (Z₀ = 60/√εr × ln(b/a)), microstrip, and parallel-wire lines. RG-58 coaxial cable Z₀ = 50 Ω; TV antenna cable (RG-59) Z₀ = 75 Ω — impedance mismatch at connectors reflects signal and causes standing waves.
Inputs
L H M
Opposition to changing current (H). Inductors store energy in a magnetic field and cause voltage spikes when current is interrupted.
C F M
Ability to store electric charge (F). Capacitors charge quickly and release energy fast. Common values: pF to μF.
R Ohm M
Opposition to current flow (Ω). V = IR. Resistors in series add; in parallel their reciprocals add.
G S M
Linear measurement. Ensure consistent units: 1 m = 1,000 mm = 3.281 ft.
F Mhz
Cycles per second (Hz). Audible sound: 20 Hz – 20 kHz. Make sure units match what the formula expects.
Results
characteristic impedance Z₀ (Ω)
Total opposition to AC current (Ω), combining resistance and reactance. Z = √(R² + X²). Maximum power transfer occurs when source and load impedances match.
phase velocity vp (m/s)
The current phase of the cycle or process.
vp as fraction of c
Sample size or count used in the calculation.
attenuation (dB/m)
The value at the specified point or condition.
Z₀ = √(L/C)
Reference formula or conversion factor shown for context.
standard impedances
Total opposition to AC current (Ω), combining resistance and reactance. Z = √(R² + X²). Maximum power transfer occurs when source and load impedances match.